Under sufficiently extreme conditions, quarks may become
deconfined and exist as free particles. In the course of asymptotic freedom,
the strong interaction becomes weaker at higher temperatures. Eventually,
color confinement would be lost and an extremely hot plasma of freely moving
quarks and gluons would be formed. This theoretical phase of matter is called
quark-gluon plasma.[81] The exact conditions needed to give rise to this state
are unknown and have been the subject of a great deal of speculation and
experimentation. A recent estimate puts the needed temperature at
(1.90±0.02)×1012 Kelvin. While a state of entirely free quarks and gluons has
never been achieved (despite numerous attempts by CERN in the 1980s and 1990s),
recent experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have yielded evidence
for liquid-like quark matter exhibiting "nearly perfect" fluid motion.
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